@article{ref1,
title="Perceptions of gender norm violations among middle school students: an experimental study of the effects of violation type on exclusion expectations",
journal="Journal of early adolescence",
year="2021",
author="Masters, Stephanie Laura and Hixson, Kristin and Hayes, Amy Roberson",
volume="41",
number="4",
pages="527-549",
abstract="The purpose of this study was to examine the factors that influence the perceived social costs of interacting with gender-atypical peers. Our study examined the relationship between peer processes and gender socialization by exploring situational and individual-level factors that could affect the relationship. Middle school students (N = 107) completed surveys containing items pertaining to gender identity, egalitarian attitudes, and social support. In addition, participants were asked to rate a series of questions regarding hypothetical peer rule violations. We hypothesized that different domains of gender identity would predict adolescents' perceptions and cognitions about gender-atypical behaviors and traits. <br><br>RESULTS revealed that early adolescents perceive higher social costs for male peers who violate an appearance-based gender norm violation when compared with female peers.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0272-4316",
doi="10.1177/0272431620931193",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272431620931193"
}