@article{ref1,
title="Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers and risk of depression among older people with hypertension",
journal="Journal of psychopharmacology",
year="2022",
author="van Sloten, Thomas T. and Souverein, Patrick C. and Stehouwer, Coen DA and Driessen, Johanna Hm",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), commonly used antihypertensive drugs, may have a protective effect against depression in older individuals, but evidence in humans is limited. AIMS: We evaluated the risk of depression, among older individuals with hypertension, comparing ACE or ARB initiators to thiazide(-like) diuretic initiators. Thiazide(-like) diuretics were used as control because these drugs are not associated with mood disorders. <br><br>METHODS: We used a propensity score-matched new user cohort design with routinely collected data from general practices in England from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink database. We matched 12,938 pairs of new users of ACEIs/ARBs and thiazide(-like) diuretics with hypertension (mean age 67.6 years; 54.7% women). Follow-up time started on the date of drug initiation and ended on the date of treatment discontinuation plus 30 days, or switch to a comparator, occurrence of a study event, death, date of patient's transfer out of practice, or end of the study period. The primary outcome was a composite endpoint of treated depression and nonfatal and fatal self-harm. <br><br>RESULTS/OUTCOMES: Compared to the thiazide(-like) diuretic group, ACEIs/ARBs use was not associated with a lower risk of the primary outcome (hazard ratio 0.96 (95% confidence interval: 0.79; 1.15)). <br><br>RESULTS did not differ according to lipophilicity, duration of use, and average daily dose, or class (ACEIs or ARBs). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: New use of ACEIs or ARBs is not associated with a lower risk of depression among individuals with hypertension.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0269-8811",
doi="10.1177/02698811221082470",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02698811221082470"
}