@article{ref1,
title="Psychostimulant use and clinical outcome of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment of major depressive disorder",
journal="Depression and anxiety",
year="2022",
author="Wilke, Scott A. and Johnson, Crystal L. and Corlier, Juliana and Marder, Katharine G. and Wilson, Andrew C. and Pleman, Christopher M. and Leuchter, Andrew F.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an effective treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD). Psychostimulant medication use may be associated with improved rTMS outcomes, but a detailed understanding of these relationships is lacking. <br><br>METHODS: We compared MDD subjects taking psychostimulants (n = 37) with those not taking one of these medications (n = 53) during a course of 30 rTMS treatments. Changes in the 30-item Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self Report (IDS-SR30) subscale scores were examined at treatment 30. We also subdivided subjects into three categories based on drug mechanism and looked at IDS-SR30 total score after treatments 10, 20, and 30. <br><br>RESULTS: Subjects taking psychostimulants had a significantly greater overall clinical improvement than those not taking these medications at treatment 30. The psychostimulant group also improved significantly more than the control group in &quot;sleep&quot; and &quot;mood/cognition,&quot; but not &quot;anxiety/arousal&quot; IDS-SR30 subscales. No differences were detected among individual drug categories, which may reflect the limited sample size for individual medications. There was a negative dose-response relationship for the lisdexamfetamine/dextroamphetamine group, in which lower doses were associated with better clinical outcome. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Psychostimulant medications may enhance clinical efficacy of rTMS for MDD by preferentially impacting specific symptom domains. For some psychostimulants, these effects may be dose-dependent. Prospective clinical trials are needed to guide psychostimulant augmentation of brain stimulation therapies.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1091-4269",
doi="10.1002/da.23255",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/da.23255"
}