@article{ref1,
title="Cannabis presentations to the emergency department after MVC in the era of legalization for recreational use",
journal="Journal of safety research",
year="2022",
author="Choo, Esther K. and Nishijima, Daniel and Trent, Stacy and Eichelberger, Angela H. and Ye, Yu and Audett, Ariane and Brasel, Karen J. and Kazmierczak, Steve and Cherpitel, Cheryl J.",
volume="80",
number="",
pages="341-348",
abstract="INTRODUCTION: The objectives of this study were to examine cannabis and alcohol use among injured patients presenting to emergency departments (ED) in cannabis-legal states to capture an expanded profile of cannabis use and evaluate differences in motor-vehicle collision (MVC) characteristics among those using cannabis alone and in combination with alcohol. <br><br>METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of ED visits by drivers in MVC who presented to one of three study sites. Event-related and usual drug and alcohol use information were obtained using a detailed interviewer-administered computerized questionnaire. We also obtained data from blood and breathalyzer tests and the electronic medical record. We examined frequency and types of acute and past-year cannabis and alcohol use and crash mechanisms and characteristics. Our primary method of determining substance use was self-report; we used biosamples secondarily. <br><br>RESULTS: Eight percent of drivers reported cannabis use in the 8 h prior to MVC, alone or in combination with alcohol; however, a higher proportion (18%) were positive by biosample. High-risk crash features were common in MVCs associated with cannabis, as they were for alcohol use and co-use of cannabis and alcohol; however, patients injured seriously enough to require admission were less likely to report cannabis use (7% vs. 9%) and more likely to report alcohol use (16% vs. 10%). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Cannabis use was common among patients presenting after MVC in this sample of cannabis-legal states. Practical Applications: Differences between self-report and biosample data for cannabis and alcohol use were significant and supports the need to use both means of assessing acute use.  Keywords: Drug impaired driving; Cannabis impaired driving <p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0022-4375",
doi="10.1016/j.jsr.2021.12.016",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2021.12.016"
}