@article{ref1,
title=""Less-than-lethal" weapons and police-citizen killings in U.S. urban areas",
journal="Crime and delinquency",
year="1996",
author="Bailey, W. C.",
volume="42",
number="4",
pages="535-552",
abstract="There appears to be general consensus in law enforcement circles that less-than-lethal weapons are effective in reducing police-citizen killings, but this &quot;common wisdom&quot; has not been subject to systematic empirical analysis. Considering a large sample of U.S. cities for 1990, this article examines the association between the availability to the police of various types of less-than-lethal weapons and general and race-specific justifiable homicide rates. The analysis produces no evidence that police killing rates are affected by the availability of less-than-lethal weapons.   <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0011-1287",
doi="10.1177/0011128796042004003",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128796042004003"
}