@article{ref1,
title="The Toronto Concussion Study: sense of smell is not associated with concussion severity or recovery",
journal="Brain injury",
year="2022",
author="Foster, Evan and Bayley, Mark and Langer, Laura and Saverino, Cristina and Chandra, Tharshini and Barnard, Claire and Comper, Paul",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To examine sense of smell as a biomarker for both severity and duration of post-concussion symptoms. <br><br>METHODS: Participants were recruited prospectively from an outpatient concussion clinic. Sense of smell was assessed using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) within 7 days, and 4, 8 - or 16-weeks post-injury. UPSIT normative data were used as normal controls. The main outcomes were: symptom severity on the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 3 (SCAT3) symptom inventory and time to physician-declared recovery. <br><br>RESULTS: A total of 167 participants (mean age 32.9 [SD, 12.2] years, 59% female [n = 99]) were classified at 1 week post injury as follows: severe hyposmia in 5 (3%), moderate hyposmia in 10 (6%), mild hyposmia in 48 (29%), and normosmia in 104 (62%) individuals. A convenience sample of 81 individuals with concussion were tested at follow-up. Acute impairment of sense of smell following concussion was not associated with symptom severity on the SCAT3 or time to recovery. Sense of smell was stable from baseline to follow-up in this population. <br><br>CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence that routine testing of sense of smell in individuals with concussion is not warranted as a biomarker for severity of concussion and concussion recovery.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0269-9052",
doi="10.1080/02699052.2022.2037713",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699052.2022.2037713"
}