@article{ref1,
title="Preparation of Mn(2+) doped piperazine phosphate as a char-forming agent for improving the fire safety of polypropylene/ammonium polyphosphate composites",
journal="Materials (Basel, Switzerland)",
year="2021",
author="Dong, Fuqiang and Luo, Zhonglin and Wang, Biaobing",
volume="14",
number="24",
pages="e7589-e7589",
abstract="A piperazine phosphate doped with Mn(2+) (HP-Mn), as a new char-forming agent for intumescent flame retardant systems (IFR), was designed and synthesized using 1-hydroxy ethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid, piperazine, and manganese acetate tetrahydrate as raw materials. The effect of HP-Mn and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) on the fire safety and thermal stability of polypropylene (PP) was investigated. The results showed that the combined incorporation of 25 wt.% APP/HP-Mn at a ratio of 1:1 endowed the flame retardant PP (PP6) composite with the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 30.7% and UL-94 V-0 rating. In comparison with the pure PP, the peak heat release rate (PHRR), the total heat release (THR), and the smoke production rate (PSPR) of the PP6 were reduced by 74%, 30%, and 70%, respectively. SEM and Raman analysis of the char residues demonstrated that the Mn(2+) displayed a catalytic cross-linking charring ability to form a continuous and compact carbon layer with a high degree of graphitization, which can effectively improve the flame retardancy of PP/APP composites. A possible flame-retardant mechanism was proposed to reveal the synergistic effect between APP and HP-Mn.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1996-1944",
doi="10.3390/ma14247589",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14247589"
}