@article{ref1,
title="Factorial validity and invariance of an adolescent depression symptom screening tool",
journal="Journal of athletic training",
year="2021",
author="Price, David E. and Bickett, Allison K. and DeFresse, J. D. and Long, Ashley S.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="CONTEXT: Depression is among the most common mental health disorder in youth, results in significant impairment, and is associated with a higher risk of suicide. Screening is essential but assessment tools may not be appropriate across races or do not account for the complex interrelatedness of various demographics including gender, socio-economic status and race. <br><br>OBJECTIVES: (1) To determine the factor structure of the Patient Health Questionnaire-Adolescent (PHQ-A) for measuring depression in a group of adolescent athletes; and (2) to determine measurement invariance between Blacks and Whites on the PHQ-A. <br><br>DESIGN: Retrospective cohort design. SETTING: Data obtained from a secure database collected at a free, comprehensive, mass pre-participation physical exam (PPE) event hosted by a large health care system. PARTICIPANTS: Participants included 683 high school athletes (Black n=416; White n=267). Independent variables included somatic and affective factors contributing to the construct of depression measured by the PHQ-A and participant race (Black and White). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: (1) Factors upon which the construct of depression is measured and (2) measurement invariance between Blacks and Whites. <br><br>RESULTS: A two-factor model, including affective and somatic components, was specified and exhibited an adequate fit to the data (CFI>.90). All items exhibited moderate to high squared multiple correlation values (R2 =.10-.65), suggesting that these items resonated relatively well with participants. The two-factor model demonstrated noninvariance Black and White participants (RMSEA =.06-.08). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the structure of the PHQ-A is supported by a two-factor model in adolescent athletes, measuring both affective and somatic symptoms of depression. A two factor PHQ-A structure is not fully invariant for the adolescents sampled across participant groups, implying that the model functions differently between Blacks and Whites sampled.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1062-6050",
doi="10.4085/1062-6050-343-21",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-343-21"
}