@article{ref1,
title="Opioid use disorder in women and the implications for treatment",
journal="Psychiatric research and clinical practice",
year="2021",
author="Barbosa-Leiker, Celestina and Campbell, Aimee N. C. and McHugh, R. Kathryn and Guille, Constance and Greenfield, Shelly F.",
volume="3",
number="1",
pages="3-11",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: The opioid epidemic continues to evolve and impact all groups of people. Moreover, there are concerning trends among women. The aim of this article is to provide a review of opioid use disorder in women and the implications for treatment. <br><br>METHODS: A nonsystematic review of the literature as conducted to examine: (1) the epidemiology of opioid-related hospitalizations and deaths of women; (2) co-occurring pain, anxiety disorders, and trauma among women with opioid use disorder; (3) evidence for opioid agonist treatment of pregnant women with opioid use disorder; and (4) implications for treatment of women with opioid use disorder and next steps for research and practice. <br><br>RESULTS: The current opioid epidemic has produced important differences by sex and gender with increased rates of use and overdose deaths in women. Significant mental health concerns for women include co-occurring psychiatric disorders and suicide. Expanding medication treatment for perinatal opioid use disorder is crucial. While effective treatments exist for opioid use disorder, they are often not accessible, and a minority of patients are treated. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The end to the opioid epidemic will require innovative multi-systemic solutions. There are significant practice gaps in preventing rising death rates among women by opioid overdose, treating co-occurring psychiatric disorders and pain, and treating perinatal women with opioid use disorder and their infants. Research on sex and gender differences, and the intersection with race/ethnicity and US region, is critically needed and should include treatment implementation studies to achieve wider access for women to effective prevention, early intervention, and treatment.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2575-5609",
doi="10.1176/appi.prcp.20190051",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.prcp.20190051"
}