@article{ref1,
title="Predicting concussion recovery with PHQ-9 and GAD-7",
journal="Southern medical journal",
year="2021",
author="Narducci, Dusty Marie and Moran, Byron and Coris, Eric and Tsalatsanis, Athanasios and Graulich, Ian and Del Rossi, Gianluca",
volume="114",
number="12",
pages="760-765",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To determine whether scores obtained from Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) or the General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) instruments administered following a concussion can be used to predict recovery time. <br><br>METHOD: Retrospective cohort study in a university-based specialty concussion center of 502 concussed participants. Participants completed a PHQ-9 and GAD-7 during their initial visit and subsequent visits during the recovery period (ie, at 14, 28, 56, and 84 days). <br><br>RESULTS: The median recovery time from a concussion was 21 days from the initial clinical evaluation; however, individuals with a PHQ-9 score ≤ 6 (n = 262) had a median recovery time of 17 (95% confidence interval [CI] 15-19) days, whereas those with PHQ-9 scores >6 (n = 240) had a median recovery time of 33 (95% CI 28-37) days and a hazard ratio of 0.525 (95% CI 0.438-0.629, P < 0.0001). For individuals with a GAD-7 score ≤ 4 (n = 259), the median recovery was 19 (95% CI 17-21), days whereas for those with a GAD-7 score > 4 (n = 243), the median recovery was 32 (95% CI 28-36) days with a hazard ratio of 0.554 (95% CI 0.462-0.664, P < 0.00). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Scores obtained from PHQ-9 and GAD-7 screening tools appear to be predictive of an individual's recovery and may help identify those subjects who may benefit from early psychological interventions.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0038-4348",
doi="10.14423/SMJ.0000000000001336",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.14423/SMJ.0000000000001336"
}