@article{ref1,
title="Simulation of Occupant Kinematics and Neck Injuries in Low Speed Rear Impacts",
journal="Hunan Daxue Xuebao - Shehui Kexue Ban",
year="2006",
author="Yang, JK and Xiao, Zeping",
volume="33",
number="Suppl",
pages="114-119",
abstract="A multi-body system model was created to study the neck kinematics and injury mechanism in low speed rear impact. The model consists of BioRID II dummy, seat and seat belt implemented by using MADYMO code. The influence of seat properties and seating posture on occupant kinematics responses and neck injuries was investigated. The simulation results showed that head restraint position, seat back cushion stiffness, recliner stiffness and occupant seating posture had great influence on occupant head-neck kinematics responses and neck injury risks. It was also proved that the neck injuries could be reduced by proper seat design.<p />",
language="",
issn="1000-2472",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}