@article{ref1,
title="Mindfulness, self-control, implicit bias, race, threat perception failure, and the accidental use of deadly force against off-duty police officers",
journal="Journal of police and criminal psychology",
year="2021",
author="Morley, Richard H. and Bowman, Scott William and Fulton, Cheryl L. and Roche, Sean P. and Jantz, Paul B. and Trujillo, Logan T.",
volume="36",
number="1",
pages="86-95",
abstract="This study explores the impact of mindfulness, self-control, race, and implicit bias on threat perception failure-based shootings against ununiformed officers in a training simulation. A sample of 79 students were recruited to participate in a law enforcement active shooter training simulation. Participants completed a mindfulness non-reactivity measure, the Grasmick Self-control Scale, and a Weapons Implicit Attitudes tasks (IAT). Then, participants assumed the role of a police officer in a training scenario designed to provoke wrongful deadly force. After hearing gunshots, participants in this scenario were confronted with either a Black or White male portraying an off-duty police officer holding a badge and pointing a gun at another role player lying on the ground. The mindfulness non-reactivity scale significantly predicted not shooting the off-duty officer in the combined race analysis and the White officer only analysis. Implicit bias only predicted shooting the Black officer when mindfulness non-reactivity was included as a covariate. Race moderated the correlation between self-control and the decision to shoot. Implications and future directions are discussed.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0882-0783",
doi="10.1007/s11896-019-09352-3",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11896-019-09352-3"
}