@article{ref1,
title="Street codes and adolescent violent victimization at school: unpacking a complex relationship",
journal="Crime and delinquency",
year="2021",
author="O, SooHyun and Wilcox, Pamela",
volume="67",
number="9",
pages="1429-1453",
abstract="This study examines the effects of adherence to street codes on school-based violent victimization. In doing so, it separates street values into two distinct orientations: (1) retaliatory norms, and (2) general toughness norms. We analyze survey data from students across four waves of the Rural Substance Abuse and Violence Project using two-level mixed effects Poisson regression. The model specifies random intercepts across individuals to address possible endogeneity of the repeated measurements per respondent. Further, consistent with a fixed-effects approach, we control for differences across the schools in which students were nested. <br><br>FINDINGS reveal that adherence to retaliatory norms is negatively related to the frequency of serious violent victimization. In contrast, general toughness norms are positively related to serious violent victimization.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0011-1287",
doi="10.1177/0011128720974314",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128720974314"
}