@article{ref1,
title="Development of three-year-old child free motion head form finite element model for impact assessment",
journal="ATBU journal of science, technology and education",
year="2021",
author="Rafukka, Ibrahim Abdullahi",
volume="9",
number="3",
pages="92-103",
abstract="Free motion head form is a surrogate used in injury assessment of motor vehicle crash and height fall accidents. Heads being the first priority in child injury protection need a biofidelic model that is validated in different impact locations against cadaveric response. In this work, a three-year-old (3YO) child head form finite element (FE) model was developed by scaling down anthropometry of a six-year-old Hybrid III (6YO HIII) dummy head model. The FE model was then validated against the scaled biomechanical response of published nine-year-old cadaver head experimental data. Head skin viscoelastic material properties were tuned to give a good correlation with the scaled cadaver peak head accelerations. Head drop test was conducted on five impact locations: forehead, vertex, occipital and left and right parietal. A good correlation was found between simulation and scaled cadaver results for right parietal, vertex and occipital locations of 3YO child head FE model having less than 7% difference for 153 mm, 152 mm and 148 mm drop heights respectively. Occipital and right parietal locations show fair similarities with scaled cadaver response with a difference of less than 11% for 302 mm drop height. The left parietal of the head FE model, however, is observed to be stiffer than any other impact location with a difference of more than 20% for both 148 mm and 300 mm drop heights. The validated 3YO head form is therefore useful in the evaluation of automotive safety systems and child height fall investigations.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2277-0011",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}