@article{ref1,
title="Gender-based judicial ingroup bias in sex crime sentencing: evidence from Belgium",
journal="International journal of law, crime and justice",
year="2020",
author="Bielen, Samantha and Grajzl, Peter",
volume="62",
number="",
pages="e100394-e100394",
abstract="Exploring data on adjudication of sex crimes at a major Belgian court, we study the presence of gender-based judicial ingroup bias in criminal sentencing. Using a difference-in-difference approach and addressing sample selection concerns, we find that defendants who are randomly assigned to a panel featuring a presiding judge of matching gender receive comparatively more severe sentences. The resulting effect is discernible especially when the crime involves a female victim. This suggests that the underlying driver of the negative gender-based ingroup bias is judicial enforcement of a salient ingroup norm, in itself an expression of affinity with one's gender-based ingroup.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1756-0616",
doi="10.1016/j.ijlcj.2020.100394",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlcj.2020.100394"
}