@article{ref1,
title="Causes of workplace violence against nurses from patients and their relatives: a qualitative study",
journal="Applied nursing research",
year="2021",
author="Yesilbas, Hande and Baykal, Ulku",
volume="ePub",
number="",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="Background Nurses are frequently exposed to violence in workplaces. Although the causes of workplace violence have been widely analyzed, there are only a limited number of qualitative studies dealing with violence against nurses from patient and their relatives with a comprehensive and multi-directional approach.  Aim This study aimed to explore the causes of violence against nurses exercised by patients and/or their relatives in different departments of Turkish hospitals.  Methods This study utilized a qualitative descriptive design. Participants were chosen with purposive sampling and maximum variation sampling method from five different hospitals. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 34 nurses working in different positions and departments. The interviews were recorded with audio recorders and the data were analyzed with a content analysis.  Results Four major themes emerged from the nurses' perspective concerning causes of workplace violence including the followings: (1) health care system, (2) health institutions, (3) health professionals, and (4) patients and their relatives. The themes &quot;health care system&quot; and &quot;health institutions&quot; include four subthemes, &quot;health professionals&quot; include five subthemes and &quot;patients and their relatives&quot; include twelve subthemes.  Conclusion There are various causes why nurses are exposed to violence in the workplace by patients and/or their relatives. Since the causes of violence are a multifaceted issue, prevention strategies of violence against nurses should be planned and implemented accordingly.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0897-1897",
doi="10.1016/j.apnr.2021.151490",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2021.151490"
}