@article{ref1,
title="Antihistamine effects on actual driving performance in a standard test: a summary of Dutch experience, 1989-94",
journal="Allergy",
year="1995",
author="O'Hanlon, J. F. and Ramaekers, Johannes Gerardus",
volume="50",
number="3",
pages="234-242",
abstract="The review summarizes the major results of eight double-blind, placebo-controlled, volunteer studies undertaken by three independent institutions for showing the effects on actual driving performance of &quot;sedating&quot; and &quot;nonsedating&quot; antihistamines (respectively, triprolidine, diphenhydramine, clemastine and terfenadine, loratadine, cetirizine, acrivastine, mizolastine, and ebastine). A common, standardized test was used that measures driving impairment from vehicular &quot;weaving&quot; (i.e., standard deviation of lateral position (SDLP)). Logical relationships were found between impairment and dose, time after dosing, and repeated doses over 4-5 days. The newer drugs were generally less impairing, but differences existed among their effects, and none was unimpairing at doses 1-2x the currently recommended levels. One or possibly two of the newer drugs possessed both performance-enhancing and -impairing properties, depending on dose, suggesting two mechanisms of action.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0105-4538",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}