@article{ref1,
title="Adaptive treatment for youth with substance use and depression: early depression response and short-term outcomes",
journal="Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry",
year="2021",
author="Curry, John F. and Kaminer, Yifrah and Goldston, David B. and Chan, Grace and Wells, Karen C. and Burke, Rebecca H. and Inscoe, Adrienne Banny and Meyer, Allison E. and Cheek, Shayna M.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To investigate prevalence and predictors of early depression response (EDR) in adolescents with substance use and depression receiving cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for substance use; and to test the efficacy of supplemental CBT targeting depression (CBT-D) for non-EDR adolescents in an adaptive treatment approach. <br><br>METHOD: Ninety-five youths at two sites (ages 14-21, mean = 17.4, SD=1.8) with alcohol or cannabis use and depressive symptoms received up to 12 sessions of CBT for substance use over 14 weeks. Assessments were at baseline, weeks four, nine, and 14. The Childrens' Depression Rating Scale-Revised was the primary depression measure, with a reduction of 50% or more on this scale at week 4 defining EDR. The primary substance use outcomes of alcohol use, heavy alcohol use, and cannabis use frequency were assessed via interview report on the Alcohol Consumption Questionnaire and the Drug Checklist. Urinalysis provided a secondary measure of cannabis use. Non-EDR adolescents were randomized to supplemental CBT-D or enhanced depression treatment as usual (ETAU). <br><br>RESULTS: Thirty-five adolescents (37%, 95% CI = 27%-47%) demonstrated EDR. Fewer days of cannabis use (OR = 0.977; 95% CI = 0.961-0.992) and absence of conduct disorder (OR = 0.149; 95% CI = 0.031-0.716) predicted EDR. Frequency of drinking (F(1,82) = 11.09, η(2) = 0.119, p = 0.001), heavy drinking (F(1, 82) = 19.91, η(2) = 0.195, p < 0.0001) and cannabis use (F(1, 220) = 35.01, η(2) = 0.137, p < 0.001) decreased over time for EDR, CBT-D and ETAU youths, with EDR adolescents evidencing earlier lower cannabis use (F(2, 220) = 4.16, η(2) = 0.036, p = 0.0169). Negative (clean) urine screens increased over time (F(1, 219) = 5.10, η(2) = 0.023, p = 0.0249). Comparison of CBT-D and ETAU indicated depression significantly decreased over time in both groups (F(1,48) = 64.20, η(2) = 0.572, p < 0.001), with no advantage for CBT-D. <br><br>CONCLUSION: Approximately one-third of adolescents with substance use and depression attain EDR during substance use treatment. Less frequent cannabis use facilitates depression response. The relatively small sample may have precluded identification of additional EDR predictors.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0890-8567",
doi="10.1016/j.jaac.2021.07.807",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2021.07.807"
}