@article{ref1,
title="Association of alcohol and tobacco consumption with depression severity in the oldest old. results from the age different old age cohort platform",
journal="International journal of environmental research and public health",
year="2021",
author="Quittschalle, Janine and Pabst, Alexander and Löbner, Margrit and Luppa, Melanie and Heser, Kathrin and Wagner, Michael and van den Bussche, Hendrik and Hajek, André and König, Hans-Helmut and Wiese, Birgitt and Angermeyer, Matthias C. and Maier, Wolfgang and Scherer, Martin and Riedel-Heller, Steffi G.",
volume="18",
number="15",
pages="e7959-e7959",
abstract="This study aimed to examine the association of alcohol and tobacco use with severity of depression in older age. Analyses were performed on a pooled data set (n = 3724) from two German old-age cohort studies (LEILA 75+, 6 follow-ups and AgeCoDe/AgeQualiDe, 9 follow-ups). Depressive symptoms were assessed via two screening scales for depression (CES-D and GDS-15) which were harmonized for pooled analysis. A mixed-effects linear regression model for the total sample and additional stratified models for men and women were used. Smoking at baseline was significantly associated with a higher level of depression severity (β = 0.142, 95% CI: 0.051-0.233, p = 0.002), whereas drinking was significantly associated with a decreased level of depression (β = -0.069, 95% CI: -0.119--0.021, p = 0.005). Concurrent substance use at baseline increased longitudinal depression severity (β = 0.193, 95% CI: 0.011-0.375, p = 0.037). Analyses stratified by gender showed a significant inverse association between drinking and depressive symptoms in men (β = -0.138, 95% CI: -0.231--0.045, p = 0.004), but not in women (β = -0.060, 95% CI: -0.120-0.001, p = 0.052). Given the burden of major depression, it is important that health care providers, especially primary care physicians, assess and monitor lifestyle factors, even at older ages.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1661-7827",
doi="10.3390/ijerph18157959",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18157959"
}