@article{ref1,
title="From burlesque to horror: a century of sleepwalking on the silver screen",
journal="Sleep Medicine",
year="2021",
author="Dalloz, Marie-Amelie and Kovarski, Klara and Tamazyan, Ruben and Arnulf, Isabelle",
volume="85",
number="",
pages="172-183",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Long before being described as a disorder, sleepwalking was considered as a mysterious phenomenon inspiring artwork. From the early beginning of cinema, sleepwalkers were shown to populations, playing a crucial role in storytelling and collective knowledge. <br><br>OBJECTIVE: We characterized how sleepwalking has been portrayed in a large number of movies from the origins of cinema to recent years. <br><br>METHODS: Movies containing the words &quot;sleepwalking&quot; or &quot;somnambulism&quot; were searched for in International Movie Databases. Types of movies, sleepwalking characters, postures and behaviors during episodes, triggers, and suggested treatments were collected. <br><br>RESULTS: Production of 87 movies and 22 cartoons portraying sleepwalkers was clustered around two peaks, in the 1910s and 2010s. Comedies predominated before 1960, and thriller/horror movies as a dominant genre after 1960. In contrast with real-life sleepwalking epidemiology, sleepwalkers are more often portrayed as women than men (and often wearing a transparent white nightgown), as adults more than children on-screen, and 23% suffered psychiatric comorbidities. The unrealistic posture of outstretched arms and eyes closed was found in 20% of movies and 79% of cartoons. Night terrors, sexsomnias (kissing, having sex, initiated pregnancy), sleep-related eating and sleep driving were also featured. Homicides and falls while sleepwalking were recurrent fear-inducing topics. The first sleep EEG was featured in a sleepwalking movie in 1985, and a sleep specialist gave his first advice in 1997. <br><br>DISCUSSION: The representation of sleepwalking on the screen seems to have evolved from popular, unrealistic stereotypes of somnambulism towards a medical condition, paralleling the development of sleep medicine.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1389-9457",
doi="10.1016/j.sleep.2021.07.015",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2021.07.015"
}