@article{ref1,
title="Pre-hospital pain management in children with injuries: a retrospective cohort study",
journal="Journal of clinical medicine",
year="2021",
author="Holak, Ada and Czapla, Michał and Zielińska, Marzena",
volume="10",
number="14",
pages="e3056-e3056",
abstract="BACKGROUND: The all-too-frequent failure to rate pain intensity, resulting in the lack of or inadequacy of pain management, has long ceased to be an exclusive problem of the young patient, becoming a major public health concern. This study aimed to evaluate the methods used for reducing post-traumatic pain in children and the frequency of use of such methods. Additionally, the methods of pain assessment and the frequency of their application in this age group were analysed. <br><br>METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 2452 medical records of emergency medical teams dispatched to injured children aged 0-18 years in the area around Warsaw (Poland). <br><br>RESULTS: Of all injured children, 1% (20 out of 2432) had their pain intensity rated, and the only tool used for this assessment was the numeric rating scale (NRS). Children with burns most frequently received a single analgesic drug or cooling (56.2%), whereas the least frequently used method was multimodal treatment combining pharmacotherapy and cooling (13.5%). Toddlers constituted the largest percentage of patients who were provided with cooling (12%). Immobilisation was most commonly used in adolescents (29%) and school-age children (n = 186; 24%). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Low frequency of pain assessment emphasises the need to provide better training in the use of various pain rating scales and protocols. What is more, non-pharmacological methods (cooling and immobilisation) used for reducing pain in injured children still remain underutilized.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2077-0383",
doi="10.3390/jcm10143056",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10143056"
}