@article{ref1,
title="Presence experienced in smartphone-based exposure: first and third person perspectives",
journal="Journal of behavioral and cognitive therapy",
year="2021",
author="Arias, Matthew C. and McNeil, Daniel W. and Stuchell, Robert N.",
volume="31",
number="2",
pages="193-198",
abstract="Various formats to deliver exposure stimuli have been developed, including video-based stimuli. Virtual reality-based exposure often utilizes a first-person perspective, which is associated with greater presence (e.g., feeling integrated in a virtual world) than third-person perspective. Yet, few have compared exposure stimuli presented in first-person versus third-person perspective. Thus, this study examined presence and anxiety levels associated with exposure video perspective. Participants (N=18) completed a two-week video-based exposure treatment (i.e., watched one week of first-person perspective film and one week of third-person perspective film, counterbalanced). Participants reported anxiety and presence felt during the exposures. <br><br>RESULTS indicated greater presence was experienced during first-person videos than third-person ones. Anxiety levels did not differ between video perspective. An interaction between perspective and video order was found; those who watched third-person videos during week one reported more anxiety when presented first-person videos than those who watched the reverse order. <br><br>RESULTS support previous findings that more presence is reported with first-person than third-person perspective. More importantly, this study suggests an innovative way to sequence exposure stimuli so as to maximally sustain therapeutic levels of arousal over the course of treatment.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2666-3473",
doi="10.1016/j.jbct.2020.12.002",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbct.2020.12.002"
}