@article{ref1,
title="Examining the joint development of antisocial behavior and personality: predictors and trajectories of adolescent indirect aggression and machiavellianism",
journal="Developmental psychology",
year="2021",
author="Farrell, Ann H. and Vaillancourt, Tracy",
volume="57",
number="5",
pages="805-813",
abstract="Indirect aggression has been associated with antisocial personality traits like Machiavellianism, but there is a lack of evidence on their longitudinal development across adolescence. Therefore, the joint developmental trajectories of adolescent indirect aggression and Machiavellianism across 3 years of high school (Grades 10 to 12) were investigated. Predictors of joint trajectory groups at the start of high school (Grade 9) were also explored. Participants included a sample of 513 individuals (M(age) = 14.95 in Grade 10; SD =.37; 56.7% girls; 76.4% White) recruited from a school district that completed self-report measures of indirect aggression and Machaivellianism annually. Self- and parent-report measures of individual differences (e.g., approval seeking), peer relations (e.g., school bonding), and psychological features (e.g., anxiety) were explored as predictors of the trajectory groups. As predicted, a small subgroup of individuals indicated a high-risk joint trajectory pattern of moderate stable indirect aggression and high stable Machiavellianism. Additional trajectory patterns included a low-risk group indicating low stable indirect aggression and low stable Machiavellianism, and a high Machiavellianism only group indicating low stable indirect aggression and high stable Machiavellianism. Moderate indirect aggression was a better indicator of high Machiavellianism than the reverse. Individual differences, peer relations, and psychological features differentiated these trajectory groups. <br><br>FINDINGS have implications for the prevention of antisocial traits and behavior among young people. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0012-1649",
doi="10.1037/dev0001016",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/dev0001016"
}