@article{ref1,
title="Myocardial conducting system dysfunctions from thoracic impact",
journal="Journal of trauma",
year="1978",
author="Viano, David C. and Artinian, C. G.",
volume="18",
number="6",
pages="452-459",
abstract="An analysis of electrocardiograms (ECG lead II) obtained following blunt thoracic impacts conducted on 12 anesthetized pigs indicated that all animals developed some degree of trauma to the heart conducting system: sino-atrial nodal disturbances, atrio-ventricular junctional dysfunction, intraventricular conduction defects (e.g., bundle branch blocks), or ventricular fibrillation. The induced ventricular fibrillation proceeded rapidly to the demise of four animals in this study. A comparison of the occurrence of ventricular fibrillation with measured biomechanical response parameters indicated a significant correlation of ventricular dysfunction with high levels of sternal acceleration (930 g) and impact velocity (10.7 m/s). The initiation of ventricular fibrillation did not correlate with typical biomechanical thoracic injury &quot;indicators&quot; (i.i., level of normalized thoracic deflection, cumulative AIS, peak spinal acceleration, or applied force). An injury severity classification (MCD) was subsequently developed for the evaluation of myocardial conducting system dysfunctions.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0022-5282",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}