@article{ref1,
title="Self-efficacy and coping style in Iraq and Afghanistan-era veterans with and without mild traumatic brain injury and posttraumatic stress disorder",
journal="Journal of clinical psychology (Hoboken)",
year="2021",
author="Sakamoto, McKenna S. and Merritt, Victoria C. and Jurick, Sarah M. and Crocker, Laura D. and Hoffman, Samantha N. and Jak, Amy J.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To examine self-efficacy and coping style in combat-exposed Veterans with and without mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) history and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). <br><br>METHODS: Veterans (N = 81) were categorized into four groups: comorbid mTBI and PTSD (n = 23), PTSD-only (n = 16), mTBI-only (n = 25), and combat-exposed controls (n = 17). Outcomes included the Self-Efficacy for Symptom Management Scale and the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced. <br><br>RESULTS: Significant group effects were found on self-efficacy and coping style, even when adjusting for total mTBIs and psychiatric comorbidities. Post-hoc analyses revealed that the comorbid and PTSD-only groups generally had lower self-efficacy than the mTBI-only and control groups and that the PTSD-only group used less action-focused coping than the mTBI-only and control groups. <br><br>CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that self-efficacy and coping style vary as a function of mTBI history and PTSD status and that it may be important to integrate these malleable factors into interventions for this population.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0021-9762",
doi="10.1002/jclp.23154",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jclp.23154"
}