@article{ref1,
title="Adverse childhood events and cognitive function among young adults: prospective results from the national longitudinal study of adolescent to adult health",
journal="Child abuse and neglect",
year="2021",
author="Hawkins, Misty A. W. and Layman, Harley M. and Ganson, Kyle T. and Tabler, Jennifer and Ciciolla, Lucia and Tsotsoros, Cindy E. and Nagata, Jason M.",
volume="115",
number="",
pages="105008-105008",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may have lasting impacts on cognition. <br><br>OBJECTIVE: To determine if ACE exposure is prospectively associated with cognition in young adults. We hypothesized that deprivation- and threat-type ACEs as well as higher cumulative ACE exposure predict poorer cognition. PARTICIPANTS & SETTING: Participants were from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), a prospective cohort investigation of U.S. adolescents followed to adulthood. Current study participants were 18-24 years old (Wave III), 24-32 years old (Wave IV), and 31-42 years old (Wave V). The maximum Wave IV sample was 12,288 adults; Wave V was 1277 adults. <br><br>METHODS: History of ACEs were assessed at Wave III. Three cognitive indicators were assessed at Wave IV and Wave V using the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (immediate and delayed verbal memory) and the Digit-Span Backward Task (working memory). <br><br>RESULTS: The deprivation ACE of not-having-basic-needs met was associated with poorer working (β = 0.14, CI(95) -0.26, -0.01), immediate (β=-0.29, CI(95) -0.43, -0.15), and delayed memory (β=-0.27, CI(95) -0.43, -0.12) at Wave IV; poorer immediate (β=-0.47, CI(95)-0.79, -0.16) and delayed memory (β=-0.33, CI(95) -0.65, -0.01) at Wave V. The threat ACE of sexual abuse was associated with poorer immediate (β=-0.40, CI(95) -0.62, -0.17) and delayed memory (β=-0.29, CI(95) -0.55, -0.03) at Wave IV. Higher cumulative ACEs predicted poorer delayed memory (β =-0.05, CI(95) -0.10, -0.01) at Wave V. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Higher ACEs, especially deprivation-type, were prospectively linked to poorer cognition. Early wide-scale screening/tailored treatments addressing ACEs and cognitive function may be warranted.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0145-2134",
doi="10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105008",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105008"
}