@article{ref1,
title="Do male and female adolescents report symptoms differently after concussion?",
journal="Brain injury",
year="2021",
author="Alsalaheen, Bara and Almeida, Andrea and Eckner, James and Freeman, Jeremiah and Ichesco, Ingrid and Popovich, Michael and Streicher, Nicholas and Lorincz, Matthew",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="We investigated sex-based differences in the presence and severity of aggregated symptom indicators as well as individual concussion symptoms.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional examination of sex differences in symptoms reported by adolescents upon initial concussion evaluation at a concussion clinic. Nine hundred and eighty-six adolescents completed the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT5) symptom checklist. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for differences in the presence and severity of symptoms, respectively. Sex differences in global indices of symptom distress were compared.<br><br>RESULTS: Females endorsed more symptoms (Female: Median (M)=15, Interquartile range (IQR):9-18 vs. Male: M=11, IQR: 6-15, p<0.001) and a greater total symptom score (Female: M=37, IQR:16-45 vs. Male: M=20, IQR:8-39). After False Discovery Rate (FDR) adjustment, females endorsed the presence of 21 of 22 individual symptoms more frequently than males (p≤ 0.039), with greater symptom severity for 20 of 22 individual symptoms (p≤0.036). Moderate ESs were observed for sex-based differences in the total symptom score and the global severity index. Small ESs was observed for differences in most individual symptoms.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The greater frequency and severity of concussion symptoms reported by female adolescents highlights the importance of considering sex as a modifier for the management of concussion.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0269-9052",
doi="10.1080/02699052.2021.1896034",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699052.2021.1896034"
}