@article{ref1,
title="Adaptation of the barriers to help-seeking for trauma (BHS-TR) scale: a cross-cultural cognitive interview study with female intimate partner violence survivors in Iceland",
journal="Journal of patient-reported outcomes",
year="2021",
author="Thorvaldsdottir, Karen Birna and Halldorsdottir, Sigridur and Johnson, Rhonda M. and Sigurdardottir, Sigrun and Saint Arnault, Denise",
volume="5",
number="1",
pages="e22-e22",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Even though traumatization is linked to substantially reduced health-related quality of life, help-seeking and service utilization among trauma survivors are very low. To date, there has not been available in Iceland a culturally attuned, self-reported measure on help-seeking barriers after trauma. This study aimed to translate and cross-culturally adapt the English version of Barriers to Help-Seeking for Trauma (BHS-TR) scale into the Icelandic language and context. <br><br>METHODS: The BHS-TR was culturally adapted following well-established and rigorous guidelines, including forward-backward translation, expert committee review, and pretesting through cognitive interviews. Two rounds of interviews with 17 female survivors of intimate partner violence were conducted using a think-aloud technique and verbal probing. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis, a combination of deductive and inductive approaches. <br><br>RESULTS: Issues with the BHS-TR that were uncovered in the study were classified into four categories related to general design, translation, cultural aspects, and post-trauma context. The trauma-specific issues emerged as a new category identified in this study and included concepts specific to trauma experiences. Therefore, modifications were of great importance-resulting in the scale becoming more trauma-informed. Revisions made to address identified issues improved the scale, and the process led to an Icelandic version, which appears to be semantically and conceptually equivalent to the original version; additionally, the results provided evidence of content validity. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: As a cognitive interview study, it adds to the growing cognitive interviewing methodology literature. Furthermore, the results provide essential insights into the self-report response process of trauma survivors, highlighting the significance of making health-related research instruments trauma-informed.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2509-8020",
doi="10.1186/s41687-021-00295-0",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s41687-021-00295-0"
}