@article{ref1,
title="Depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and their comorbidity: implications of adversity amongst young women living in informal settlements in Durban, South Africa",
journal="Journal of affective disorders reports",
year="2020",
author="Ndungu, Jane and Ramsoomar, Leane and Willan, Samantha and Washington, Laura and Ngcobo-Sithole, Magnolia and Gibbs, Andrew",
volume="1",
number="",
pages="e100022-e100022",
abstract="Background Informal settlements have high rates of poor mental health, yet little research has looked at PTSD-depression co-occurrence in these settings. We investigated the prevalence of depression, PTSD, and comorbid PTSD-depression amongst a non-clinical sample of 18-30 year old women, in informal settlements in South Africa.  Methods Cross-sectional analysis of self-selecting young women, enrolled at baseline of an intervention trial. We assessed the occurrence of depression, PTSD and co-occurring PTSD and depression, and used multinomial and logistic regressions to assess risk factors for these.  Results Depression, PTSD and comorbid PTSD-depression were reported by 45.2%, 21.0% and 18.6% of the women respectively. Depression was associated with social group membership (ß -0.74, p = 0.022), food insecurity (ß. 0.97, p = 0.001), stress related to lack of work (ß 0.61, p = 0.022), childhood traumas (ß 0.07, p = 0.004), IPV (ß 0.58, p = 0.007), other lifetime traumas (ß 0.51, p = 0.021) and alcohol misuse (ß 0.04, p = 0.002). Comorbid PTSD-depression was associated with social group membership (ß -0.73, p = 0.008), lack of work stress (ß 1.13, p = 0.009), disability (ß 0.99, p = 0.002), childhood traumas (ß 0.19, p <0.001), alcohol misuse (ß 0.05, p = 0.036) and other lifetime traumas (ß 1.32, p <0.001). Differentiating depression and comorbid PTSD-depression were disability (adj.OR 2.20, p = 0.013), childhood traumas (adj.OR 1.13, p <0.001) and other lifetime traumas (adj.OR 2.44, p = 0.012).  Limitations This was a cross-sectional study, limiting delineation of the direction of associations. <br><br>FINDINGS cannot be generalised as the study was non-representative.  Conclusions Findings motivate for trauma informed mental health interventions. Potential for group-based interventions is indicated.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2666-9153",
doi="10.1016/j.jadr.2020.100022",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadr.2020.100022"
}