@article{ref1,
title="Psychosocial functioning at 4-years after pediatric mild traumatic brain injury",
journal="Brain injury",
year="2021",
author="Jones, Kelly M. and Ameratunga, Shanthi and Starkey, Nicola J. and Theadom, Alice and Barker-Collo, Suzanne and Ikeda, Takayoshi and Feigin, Valery L.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: Behavioral and emotional difficulties are reported following pediatric mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). But few studies have used a broad conceptual approach to examine children's long-term psychosocial outcomes. This study examines children's psychosocial outcomes at 4-years after mild TBI and associated factors. <br><br>METHODS: Parents of 93 children (<16 years) with mild TBI completed subscales of age-appropriate versions of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, and the Adolescent Scale of Participation questionnaire at 4-years post-injury. <br><br>RESULTS: Mean group-level scores were statistically significantly higher for hyperactivity/inattention and lower for emotional functioning than published norms. Levels of participation were greater compared to those observed in normative samples. More than 19% met published criteria for clinically significant hyperactivity/inattention, emotional functioning problems, peer relationship problems, and social functioning difficulties. Lower family socio-economic status and greater parental anxiety and depression were associated with overall psychosocial difficulties. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Findings indicate that as a group, children with mild TBI are characterized by elevated rates of behavioral, emotional, and social difficulties at 4-years post-injury. Parent mental health may be an untapped opportunity to support children's psychosocial development following mild TBI, with replication required in larger samples.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0269-9052",
doi="10.1080/02699052.2021.1878553",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699052.2021.1878553"
}