@article{ref1,
title="Patterns of intimate partner violence against women in Europe: prevalence and associated risk factors",
journal="Journal of epidemiology and community health",
year="2021",
author="Podana, Zuzana",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a complex phenomenon and some research suggests that there are qualitatively distinct IPV types. However, little  is known about the risk factors associated with different IPV types. <br><br>METHODS: Data  from Violence against women: an European Union (EU)-wide survey, conducted by the EU  Agency for Fundamental Rights was used. Latent class analysis (LCA) was employed to  identify distinct IPV patterns based on the intensity of eight forms of violence by  current partners (n=30 675). Multilevel multinomial logistic regression was used to  examine individual and country-level risk factors associated with the outcome IPV  patterns. <br><br>RESULTS: A five-class solution was selected based on the LCA results. Two  classes encompassed severe coercive IPV: the intimate terrorism class (1.5%) also  comprised extensive physical violence whereas the high coercive control class (2.0%)  did not. The partner's alcohol abuse, violent behaviour outside the relationship and  the woman's abuse in childhood were the main individual factors positively  associated with IPV. The country's gender equality levels were negatively associated  with the odds of experiencing intimate terrorism (adjusted OR, aOR 0.35, 95% CI 0.21  to 0.56) and high coercive control (aOR 0.63, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.85) versus no IPV. Although the effects of most individual risk factors were found universally for all  IPV patterns, the strongest associations were typically revealed for the intimate  terrorism pattern. <br><br>CONCLUSION: The results support the importance of coercive  control as a factor differentiating between IPV types and also highlight the need to  consider IPV typologies in research. Policy implications of the findings are  discussed.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0143-005X",
doi="10.1136/jech-2020-214987",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2020-214987"
}