@article{ref1,
title="Real-time monitoring of the associations between self-critical and self-punishment cognitions and nonsuicidal self-injury",
journal="Behaviour research and therapy",
year="2020",
author="Alloy, Lauren B. and Kleiman, Evan and Siegel, David M. and Kautz, Marin and Fox, Kathryn and Burke, Taylor A.",
volume="137",
number="",
pages="e103775-e103775",
abstract="The Defective Self Model of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) proposes that some people engage in NSSI to punish themselves and/or to respond to self-critical cognitions. Although there is a growing body of research to support this theory, there has been  a lack of ecologically valid approaches employed to critically examine its tenets. The current study aimed to fill this gap in the literature. A sample of 64  undergraduates with a history of repetitive NSSI were recruited and completed an  ecological momentary assessment (EMA) protocol. At baseline, participants completed  trait measures of self-criticism and self-punishment cognitions. Over the EMA  period, participants reported their experience of self-critical and self-punitive  cognitions, and NSSI urge intensity three times daily. Our between-persons level  findings suggest that trait and aggregated state self-punishment, but not  self-critical cognitions, predict NSSI urges experienced over the EMA period. Our  findings additionally provide evidence that both momentary self-critical and  self-punishment cognitions are concomitantly and prospectively associated with NSSI  urge intensity as measured in real-time and modeled at a within-persons level. However, after adjusting for concurrent NSSI urge intensity in prospective models,  these within-persons level findings do not hold. Nevertheless, our findings provide  greater support for the Defective Self Model of NSSI.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0005-7967",
doi="10.1016/j.brat.2020.103775",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2020.103775"
}