@article{ref1,
title="Health and functional outcomes for shared and unique variances of interpersonal callousness and low prosocial behavior",
journal="Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment",
year="2019",
author="Barker, Edward D. and Maughan, Barbara and Meehan, Alan J.",
volume="41",
number="3",
pages="353-365",
abstract="Previous factor-analytic studies identify significant comorbidity between interpersonal-callous (IC) traits and low prosocial behavior (LPB), which, in turn,  is associated with high levels of childhood risk exposure and psychopathology. Longitudinal associations between IC, LPB, or their combination, and early-adult  health and social functioning have not been investigated, however. Extending a  previously-identified bifactor model within a prospective birth cohort, this study  applied latent path analysis to test direct and indirect pathways (via adolescent  delinquency, substance use, and physical activity) between these general and  specific factors (age 13) and (i) emotional problems (age 18), (ii) physical health  problems (age 18), and (iii) classification as 'not in education, employment, or  training' (NEET; age 20). All models controlled for childhood adversity and IQ. Bifactor-specific estimates indicated that the residual IC factor did not reliably  denote unique variance over and above a general factor (IC/LPB). IC/LPB itself was  directly associated with NEET classification, while the residual LPB factor was  associated with better emotional and physical health. IC/LPB also indirectly  associated with emotional problems via greater adolescent delinquency, and with  physical health problems via lower physical activity. In contrast, residual LPB  variance was either non-significantly or negatively related to these adolescent  domains. <br><br>FINDINGS indicate that the shared variance underlying IC and LPB confers an  increased risk for poor health and functional outcomes in emerging adulthood, and  highlight delinquency and physical inactivity as potential adolescent treatment  targets that may mitigate the risk for health difficulties at high levels of this  IC/LPB construct.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0882-2689",
doi="10.1007/s10862-019-09756-9",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10862-019-09756-9"
}