@article{ref1,
title="Suicide among Holocaust survivors: a national registry study",
journal="Archives of suicide research",
year="2021",
author="Mendlovic, Shlomo and Haklai, Ziona and Gur Orr, Adi and Goldberger, Nehama and Lurie, Ido",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="Previous findings regarding European Holocaust survivors' suicide risk are conflicting. North African survivors' suicide risk was not previously studied. In  this study, we aimed to determine suicide risk among European and North African  Holocaust survivors. The study was based on the Israeli population census from 1972,  followed until 2015 for suicide. European survivors were grouped into survivors of  severe Nazi persecution (HS) and early HS. North African survivors were grouped into  those from Algeria, Libya and Tunisia who were likely to have suffered more severe  persecution (group 1) and those from Morocco who apparently suffered less  persecution (group 2). Comparison groups were chosen according to similar ethnic  origins who were not under Nazi control. Age standardized suicide rates, Standard  Mortality Ratios (SMR) were calculated. Cox regression analysis was used to assess  suicide risk. The age adjusted suicide rates (per 100,000) among Europeans were: HS  17.8 (95%CI 16.9-18.6), early HS 28.6 (95%CI 24.9-32.2), comparison group 20.3  (95%CI 18.5-22.1). Among North Africans: group 1, 6.9 (95%CI 5.6-8.2), group 2, 4.8  (95%CI 4.0-5.5), comparison group, 8.5 (95% CI 6.4-11.0). The SMRs with European  comparisons were 0.88 (95%CI 0.84-0.92) for HS and 1.41 (95%CI 1.20-1.65) for early  HS. SMRs with North African comparisons were 0.81 (95%CI 0.67-0.97) for group 1 and  0.57 (95%CI 0.48-0.66) for group 2. Cox regression models showed significantly  higher suicide risk for European early HS vs comparisons (Hazard Ratio (HR) = 1.31,  95% CI 1.12-1.52), and lower risk for HS (0.89, 95%CI 0.80-0.98). North African  group 2 had significantly lower HR (0.58, 95%CI 0.43-0.79). To conclude, higher  resilience was found among European survivors of severe adversity, compared to those  who suffered lesser persecution. No elevated risk was found among North African  survivors.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1381-1118",
doi="10.1080/13811118.2020.1868366",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1868366"
}