@article{ref1,
title="Long-term influence of concussion on cardio-autonomic function in adolescent hockey players",
journal="Journal of athletic training",
year="2021",
author="Moore, Robert D. and Broglio, Steven P. and Fountaine, Michael F. La and Memmini, Allyssa K.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="CONTEXT: Concussion may negatively influence cardiovascular function and the autonomic nervous system, defined by alteration in heart rate variability (HRV). Differences in HRV most commonly emerge during a physical challenge, such as the  final steps of the return-to-sport progression. <br><br>OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of  concussion history on aspects of cardio-autonomic function during recovery from a  bout of submaximal exercise in adolescent male hockey athletes. <br><br>DESIGN: Case-control  study. SETTING: Research laboratory.   PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-three  male athletes participating in Midget-AAA hockey were divided into those with (n =  15; age = 16 ± 1 years, height = 1.78 ± 0.06 m, mass = 73.9 ± 7.4 kg, 10.5 ± 1.6  years of sport experience, 25.2 ± 18.3 months since last injury) or without (n = 18;  age = 16 ± 1 years, height = 1.78 ± 0.05 m, mass = 74.8 ± 7.6 kg, 10.6 ± 1.9 years  of sport experience) a concussion history. Those with a concussion history were  binned on total count: concussion) or 2 or more concussions.   INTERVENTION(S): All  athletes underwent 5 minutes of resting HRV assessment, followed by 20 minutes of  aerobic exercise at 60% to 70% of their maximal target heart rate and a 9-minute,  postexercise HRV assessment.   MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Heart rate variability  measures of mean NN interval, root mean square of successive differences, and  standard deviation of NN interval (SDNN). <br><br>RESULTS: Group demographic characteristics  were not different. When the control and concussed groups were compared, group and  time main effects for heart rate recovery, root mean square of successive  differences, and SDNN (P values <.01), and an interaction effect for SDNN (P <.05)  were demonstrated. Recovery trends for each group indicated that a history of 2 or  more concussions may negatively affect cardio-autonomic recovery postexercise. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that those with more than 1 previous concussion  may be associated with a greater risk for long-term dysautonomia. Future use of HRV  may provide clinicians with objective guidelines for concussion-management and safe  return-to-participation protocols.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1062-6050",
doi="10.4085/1062-6050-0578.19",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-0578.19"
}