@article{ref1,
title="Relationships between inflammatory markers and suicide risk status in major depression",
journal="Journal of psychiatric research",
year="2020",
author="Sublette, M. Elizabeth and Cisneros-Trujillo, Sebastian and Galfalvy, Hanga C. and Basseda, Zahra and Ganança, Licínia and Mann, J. John and Oquendo, Maria A. and Figueira, Maria Luísa and Ren, Xinguo and Cooper, Thomas B.",
volume="134",
number="",
pages="192-199",
abstract="Pro-inflammatory status has been implicated in depression and suicidal behaviors. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and cytokines, two types of inflammatory  biomarkers, have been associated with suicide, independent of depression severity. How these biomarkers relate to each other is less clear. We measured plasma  phospholipid levels of arachidonic acid (AA%), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA%), and  eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA%) as a percentage of total phospholipids, as well as  serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor α  (TNF-α), in 80 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 24 healthy controls  (HC). Individual PUFA and cytokine species were compared using ANOVA across four  suicide risk-stratified groups: 1) highest-risk, recent (within 5 years) suicide  attempters (n = 20); 2) high-risk, severe current suicidal ideators (having intent  or plan) with no recent attempt history (n = 22); 3) low-risk, current non-ideators  who were also lifetime non-attempters (n = 38); and 4) HC (n = 24). None of the  participants were enrolled following an acute suicide attempt. Of biomarkers  studied, only DHA% (p = 0.012) and IL-1β (p = 0.002) differed between groups. In  post-hoc testing, DHA% was lower in attempters than ideators (p = 0.018) or MDD  non-ideators (trend level, p = 0.073). IL-1β was lowest in attempters,  differentiating them from ideators (p = 0.009) and HC (p = 0.004). Recent suicide  attempt, one of the most powerful predictors of suicide risk, was also most closely  tied to inflammatory indices in this study. Low DHA% as an indicator of suicide risk  is consistent with previous reports; however, lower IL-1β was unexpected and may  relate to acuity/chronicity of inflammation. There is a need for prospective studies  of immune status with respect to suicidal behaviors.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0022-3956",
doi="10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.12.029",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.12.029"
}