@article{ref1,
title="Avoidance and endurance coping after mild traumatic brain injury are associated with disability outcomes",
journal="Rehabilitation psychology",
year="2020",
author="Cassetta, Briana D. and Cairncross, Molly and Brasher, Penelope M. A. and Panenka, William J. and Silverberg, Noah D.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: Fear-avoidance and endurance behavior are well-established maladaptive coping styles in several chronic health conditions. There is also emerging evidence  that both fear-avoidance and endurance coping are associated with poor outcome from  mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). The current study sought to characterize the  early trajectories of avoidance and endurance behavior and confirm their association  with disability outcomes. <br><br>METHOD: Adults with mTBI (N = 88) completed measures of  avoidance, endurance, and postconcussive symptoms at clinic intake (M = 40.2 days  since injury). Avoidance and endurance measures were readministered 1 month later (N  = 79), and a measure of perceived functional disability (World Health Organization  Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0) was completed 3 months after clinic intake (N =  69). <br><br>RESULTS: Avoidance and endurance coping were weakly positively correlated with  each other at intake (r =.28) and at 1 month postintake (r =.28). Change scores on  these two measures over time were not significantly correlated (r =.04). Avoidance  coping tended to decrease over time (95% CI [0.6, 2.5]; p =.002), whereas changes  in endurance coping were variable. In generalized linear modeling, higher avoidance  and endurance at clinic intake and increasing (or less rapidly decreasing) levels of  these coping styles over 1 month was associated with greater perceived disability  ratings at 3 months, even after controlling for postconcussion symptom severity at  intake. <br><br>CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that avoidance and endurance behavior are  distinct coping styles with unique trajectories during the subacute recovery period. The results also support the need for psychologically informed early interventions  that target specific profiles of maladaptive coping to mitigate risk for poor  outcomes post-mTBI. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0090-5550",
doi="10.1037/rep0000372",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/rep0000372"
}