@article{ref1,
title="Trends in the U.S. childhood emergency department visits for fall-related fractures, 2001-2015",
journal="Curēus",
year="2020",
author="Orces, Carlos H. and Orces, Jacques",
volume="12",
number="11",
pages="e11629-e11629",
abstract="OBJECTIVE The study's objective is to examine national trends in emergency department visits for unintentional fall-related fractures among children aged 0 to  19 years between 2001 and 2015. <br><br>METHODS The National Electronic Injury Surveillance  System - All Injury Program was used to generate national estimates of fall-related  fractures treated in emergency departments. Subsequently, according to demographic  characteristics, body parts, and sport activities, age-adjusted fracture rates were  calculated using the 2000 U.S. population as the standard. The joinpoint regression  program was used to examine the average annual percent change in fracture rates  during the study period.  Results An estimated 7.9 million emergency department  visits for fall-related fractures among U.S. children occurred between 2001 and  2015. Overall, upper extremity fractures accounted for 70% of the cases. Trend  analyses demonstrated that fracture rates markedly decreased among children aged 10  to 15 years by -2.5% (95% C: -3.4% to -1.6%) per year. After adjusting for age,  boys' fracture rates decreased annually by -1.9% (95% CI: -3.1% to -0.6%), whereas  the average decrease in girls was less accentuated by -1.4% (95% CI: -1.8% to -1.0%)  per year. Notably, forearm/wrist fracture rates decreased annually by -2.4% (95% CI:  -2.9% to -1.9%) from 2004 onwards. In contrast, head and neck fracture rates  significantly increased on average by 2.6% (95% CI: 1.3% to 3.9%) per year.   Conclusion Childhood emergency department visits for fall-related fractures  significantly decreased in the U.S. between 2001 and 2015. However, further research  is needed to determine factors related to upward trends in head/neck fractures seen  during the study period.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2168-8184",
doi="10.7759/cureus.11629",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.11629"
}