@article{ref1,
title="A 25-year cross-sequential analysis of self-reported problems: findings from 5 cohorts from the Spinal Cord Injury Longitudinal Aging Study",
journal="Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation",
year="2020",
author="Krause, James S. and Clark, Jillian M. R. and Li, Chao",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To evaluate how self-reported problems change over time among people with spinal cord injury (SCI). <br><br>DESIGN: Cross-sequential analysis SETTING: Medical  university in the Southeastern United States. PARTICIPANTS: Participants included  1,997 individuals with traumatic SCI of at least 1-year duration, who were  identified from participation in the SCI Longitudinal Aging Study from 1993 to 2018. INTERVENTIONS: none MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The outcomes analyzed were 6 problem  factors defined as health, social isolation, emotional distress, environmental  barriers, money, and lack of opportunities. A series of cross-sequential models,  using PROC MIXED procedure, were developed to evaluate the initial and change of the  6 problem factors over the six times of measurements in 25 years. <br><br>RESULTS: Years  post-injury was negatively associated with initial status of problems of social  isolation, emotional distress, environmental barriers, and lack of opportunities, as  participants with more years post-injury at baseline reported lower scores on each  factor. Longitudinally, with increased years post-injury, higher scores were  observed on the health problem factor. However, social isolation, emotional  distress, environmental barriers, money and lack of opportunities decreased over  time with increasing years post-injury. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Participants had more health  problems with increasing years after SCI, but fewer problems of social isolation,  emotional distress, environmental barriers, money, and lack of opportunities.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0003-9993",
doi="10.1016/j.apmr.2020.11.016",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2020.11.016"
}