@article{ref1,
title="Multiple maltreatment and adverse childhood experiences: exploring cumulative threats to attachment quality",
journal="Violence and victims",
year="2020",
author="Barnett, James E. and Howe, Tasha R.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="Child maltreatment and other adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) often cooccur and  are related to negative socioemotional outcomes; however, limited research  differentiates how maltreatment versus other ACEs predict such outcomes. These  efforts are necessary to determine whether cumulative ACE screening efforts best  predict those at risk for poor outcomes. We examined cumulative childhood ACEs,  cumulative maltreatment subtypes, and adult attachment quality in 379 young and  middle-aged adults. This sample enabled comparison between emerging adults and older  adults who have navigated additional developmental tasks that may counteract the  effects of early ACEs. More ACEs and maltreatment experiences predicted insecure  anxious, avoidant, and fearful attachment styles; however, maltreatment failed to  predict unique variance in attachment quality beyond other ACEs. <br><br>RESULTS suggest  that maltreatment may be best categorized as part of a general cumulative risk  profile predicting poor socioemotional outcomes. <br><br>FINDINGS support burgeoning trends  in medical and social service settings assessing ACEs using simple dichotomous  screening tools to identify those requiring intervention and support services.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0886-6708",
doi="10.1891/VV-D-19-00158",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/VV-D-19-00158"
}