@article{ref1,
title="Differential effects of visual versus auditory biofeedback training for voluntary postural sway",
journal="PLoS one",
year="2020",
author="Hasegawa, Naoya and Takeda, Kenta and Mancini, Martina and King, Laurie A. and Horak, Fay Bahling and Asaka, Tadayoshi",
volume="15",
number="12",
pages="e0244583-e0244583",
abstract="Augmented sensory biofeedback training is often used to improve postural control. Our previous study showed that continuous auditory biofeedback was more effective  than continuous visual biofeedback to improve postural sway while standing. However,  it has also been reported that both discrete visual and auditory biofeedback  training, presented intermittently, improves bimanual task performance more than  continuous visual biofeedback training. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate  the relative effectiveness of discrete visual biofeedback versus discrete auditory  biofeedback to improve postural control. Twenty-two healthy young adults were  randomly assigned to either a visual or auditory biofeedback group. Participants  were asked to shift their center of pressure (COP) by voluntary postural sway  forward and backward in line with a hidden target, which moved in a sinusoidal  manner and was displayed intermittently. Participants were asked to decrease the  diameter of a visual circle (visual biofeedback) or the volume of a sound (auditory  biofeedback) based on the distance between the COP and the target in the training  session. The feedback and the target were given only when the target reached the  inflection points of the sine curves. In addition, the perceptual magnitudes of  visual and auditory biofeedback were equalized using Stevens' power law. <br><br>RESULTS  showed that the mean and standard deviation of the distance between COP and the  target were reduced int the test session, removing the augmented sensory  biofeedback, in both biofeedback training groups. However, the temporal domain of  the performance improved in the test session in the auditory biofeedback training  group, but not in the visual biofeedback training group. In conclusion, discrete  auditory biofeedback training was more effective for the motor learning of  voluntarily postural swaying compared to discrete visual biofeedback training,  especially in the temporal domain.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1932-6203",
doi="10.1371/journal.pone.0244583",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244583"
}