@article{ref1,
title="Human social defeat and approach-avoidance: escalating social-evaluative threat and  threat of aggression increases social avoidance",
journal="Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior",
year="2020",
author="Schlund, Michael W. and Carter, Hannah and Cudd, Gloria and Murphy, Katie and Ahmed, Nebil and Dymond, Simon and Tone, Erin B.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="Basic research on avoidance by Murray Sidman laid the foundation for advances in the  classification, conceptualization and treatment of avoidance in psychological  disorders. Contemporary avoidance research is explicitly translational and  increasingly focused on how competing appetitive and aversive contingencies  influence avoidance. In this laboratory investigation, we examined the effects of  escalating social-evaluative threat and threat of social aggression on avoidance of  social interactions. During social-defeat learning, 38 adults learned to associate 9  virtual peers with an increasing probability of receiving negative evaluations. Additionally, 1 virtual peer was associated with positive evaluations. Next, in an  approach-avoidance task with social-evaluative threat, 1 peer associated with  negative evaluations was presented alongside the peer associated with positive  evaluations. Approaching peers produced a positive or a probabilistic negative  evaluation, while avoiding peers prevented a negative evaluation (and forfeited a  positive evaluation). In an approach-avoidance task with social aggression, virtual  peers gave and took money away from participants. Escalating social-evaluative  threat and aggression increased avoidance, ratings of feeling threatened and threat  expectancy and decreased ratings of peer favorableness. These findings underscore  the potential of coupling social defeat and approach-avoidance paradigms for  translational research on the neurobehavioral mechanisms of social  approach-avoidance decision-making and anxiety.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0022-5002",
doi="10.1002/jeab.654",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jeab.654"
}