@article{ref1,
title="The visual changes during aging",
journal="Harefuah",
year="2020",
author="Erdinest, Nir and London, Naomi and Morad, Yair",
volume="159",
number="12",
pages="892-897",
abstract="Several significant visual changes can occur during human aging. These include  decreased visual acuity and binocular function, contraction of visual fields,  presbyopia, dry eye, decreased contrast sensitivity, decreased dark adaptation,  delayed glare recovery, change in color vision and decreased visual processing  speed. The most common physical changes are decreased pupil size, decreased retinal  luminance, changes in inter- and intracellular connections, both intra-retinal and  connections to the cortex.There are changes both in quantity and physical location  of various cells, such as photoreceptors ganglion and bipolar retinal cells, as well  as changes in clarity of media such as the crystalline lens, all of which in turn  cause the resulting visual changes. Among adversely affected tasks are near work  such as reading and computer work, driving, maneuvering through crowded or  unfamiliar surroundings, locating desired objects surrounded by clutter and even  decreased balance ability that may cause falling. Some of the changes can be  reversed or at least slowed, but some processes cannot be stopped. Some of the  options at our disposal to help the patient can vary from early prevention, using  single or a combination of external devices such as optical devices and various  forms of medical treatments, surgical and other. Although the visual system is  affected by other senses, vision also affects other systems in the body. The  objective here is to isolate specifically visual-related changes that can occur as  healthy people age and thereby expand the vocabulary and dialogue between health  care providers with ophthalmologists and optometrists for ultimate better patient  care. The following review attempts to present a brief current update of the  accumulated data describing various physiological visual changes that can occur with  aging in generally healthy individuals and in this article, disregards the effects  of ocular diseases, even if they are usually associated with age.<p /> <p>Language: he</p>",
language="he",
issn="0017-7768",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}