@article{ref1,
title="A mediated tolerance of violence: an analysis of online newspaper articles and  "below-the-line" comments in the Latvian media",
journal="Journal of interpersonal violence",
year="2020",
author="Mileiko, Ilze and Hamilton, Gareth E.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="A mediated tolerance of violence: an analysis of online newspaper articles and  &quot;below-the-line&quot; comments in the Latvian media This article analyses the framing of  tolerance of violence in Latvian newspaper articles published online and the reader  response &quot;below-the-line&quot; comments to these and how these frames may negatively  present and impact those who suffer violence. It makes visible the language used and  concepts employed in such cases where someone supports, justifies, or positively  perceives violence. The text is based on qualitative media content analysis of 3,166  documents in the Latvian, Russian and English languages from Latvian news sources  online published between 2010 and 2018, as well as the comments provided by readers  on these. Frame analysis is employed in order to show the different ways in which  violence can be practiced and tolerated, closely related to human beliefs. We show  how aspects of these may be related to the particular post-Soviet cultural context  of Latvia but give a broader view of tolerance itself. The study shows a linguistic  tolerance of violence expressed in terms of human nature and its resulting  inevitability, in terms of love and thus integral to romantic and kin relations, is  imbued with victim blaming and also that punishment for violence should itself be  violent. Violence can even be a source of humor, particularly when committed against  males. Further, reporting of violence can be regarded as improper and interferes  with domestic privacy. These, taken as a whole, justify the existing social order  and societal and cultural beliefs and practices on/of gender relations,  child-rearing practices, religious beliefs, and notions of love and care. Our  analysis shows that violence is not only tolerated in itself, but also the  expression of tolerance is itself tolerated in these mediated expressions which are  published with impunity and remain unmoderated.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0886-2605",
doi="10.1177/0886260520983507",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260520983507"
}