@article{ref1,
title="Anti-predator behaviour depends on male weapon size",
journal="Biology letters",
year="2020",
author="Matsumura, Kentarou and Yumise, Kota and Fujii, Yui and Hayashi, Toma and Miyatake, Takahisa",
volume="16",
number="12",
pages="e20200601-e20200601",
abstract="Tonic immobility and escape are adaptive anti-predator tactics used by many animals. Escape requires movement, whereas tonic immobility does not. If anti-predator  tactics relate to weapon size, males with larger weapons may adopt tonic immobility,  whereas males with smaller weapons may adopt escape. However, no study has  investigated the relationship between weapon size and anti-predator tactics. In this  study, we investigated the relationship between male weapon size and tonic  immobility in the beetle Gnathocerus cornutus. The results showed that tonic  immobility was more frequent in males with larger weapons. Although most studies of  tonic immobility in beetles have focused on the duration, rather than the frequency,  tonic immobility duration was not affected by weapon size in G. cornutus. Therefore,  this study is the first, to our knowledge, to suggest that the male weapon trait  affects anti-predator tactics.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1744-9561",
doi="10.1098/rsbl.2020.0601",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2020.0601"
}