@article{ref1,
title="Depression as a mediator between frequent nightmares and non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents: a 3-wave longitudinal model",
journal="Sleep Medicine",
year="2020",
author="Liu, Zhen-Zhen and Tein, Jenn-Yun and Jia, Cun-xian and Liu, Xianchen",
volume="77",
number="",
pages="29-34",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Frequent nightmares and depression are associated with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescents. Little is known about the mediating role of depression in the nightmare-NSSI link. This study explores the longitudinal mediating effect of depression on the relationship between frequent nightmares and NSSI as well as the moderating effect of gender using a three-wave longitudinal design.   METHODS: Participants were adolescents from the Shandong Adolescent Behavior and Health Cohort who were surveyed at baseline, 1 year later, and 2 years later. A self-administered questionnaire was used to measure nightmare frequency, depression, and NSSI. Structural equation modeling and multiple-group analysis were used to test the mediating effect of depression and the moderating effect of gender. Covariates included demographics and earlier measures of depression and NSSI.   RESULTS: Among 6995 participants, 3399 (48.6%) were females, mean age was 14.86 (SD = 1.50) years at baseline. Frequent nightmares had a significant mediation effect on NSSI through depression (Bab = 0.06, 95% CI = 0.02-0.10) after controlling for demographics and earlier measures of depression and NSSI. Gender had no significant moderating effect on the nightmare-NSSI association.   LIMITATIONS: All data were collected by self-report.   CONCLUSIONS: The association between frequent nightmares and NSSI in adolescents was partially mediated by depression. Frequent nightmares and depression should be assessed and treated to prevent self-harm in adolescents.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1389-9457",
doi="10.1016/j.sleep.2020.11.015",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2020.11.015"
}