@article{ref1,
title="On- and off-licensed premises drinking behaviour among adults in the city of  Tshwane, South Africa: an analysis of data from the International Alcohol Control  study",
journal="Drug and alcohol review",
year="2020",
author="Londani, Mukhethwa and Morojele, Neo K. and Egbe, Catherine O. and Nel, Elmarie and Petersen Williams, Petal and Harker, Nadine and Parry, Charles D. H.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Alcohol use is among the leading risk factors for premature  death and morbidity in South Africa. This study sought to identify factors  associated with drinking behaviour in on- and off-licensed premises (typical  occasion quantity and frequency) among adults in the City of Tshwane, South Africa. DESIGN AND METHODS: A household survey was conducted in 2014, using a multi-stage  stratified cluster random sampling design. Participants comprised 982 adults (65%  males) aged 18-65 years. Factors explored included socio-demographic variables and  situational variables at on- and off-licensed premises. Multiple logistic regression  analysis was performed to predict drinking behaviour at on- and off-licensed  premises. <br><br>RESULTS: The majority of the participants consumed alcohol in off-licensed  premises (64% vs. 36%). However, participants who consumed alcohol at on-licensed  premises were more likely to drink more alcohol and more frequently (weekly). Additionally, participants who consumed alcohol in above-average sized containers  were more likely to consume six or more drinks and drink weekly. Being of high  socio-economic status was associated with drinking weekly at off-licensed premises,  while being less educated was associated with a significantly higher frequency of  drinking at on-licensed premises. <br><br>DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Interventions to  reduce alcohol use should target specific drinking behaviour at on- and off-licensed  premises, for example, regulating the availability of alcohol in big-sized  containers and the need for cutting down on quantity of alcohol and frequency of  drinking for South African males who drink at on- and off-licensed premises.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0959-5236",
doi="10.1111/dar.13223",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dar.13223"
}