@article{ref1,
title="Music tuned to 432 Hz versus music tuned to 440 Hz for improving sleep in patients  with spinal cord injuries: a double-blind cross-over pilot study",
journal="Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis (2002)",
year="2020",
author="Calamassi, Diletta and Lucicesare, Alessia and Pomponi, Gian Paolo and Bambi, Stefano",
volume="91",
number="12-S",
pages="e2020008-e2020008",
abstract="BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE WORK: Among people with spinal cord injuries, sleep  disorders are considered one of the top well-being priorities. Some studies suggest  that listening to music promotes sleep and improves its quality. These studies  usually used music standardised at the frequency of 440 Hz. The aim of the present  study is to compare the effects of listening to music tuned to 440 Hz and music  tuned to 432 Hz on sleep in patients with spinal cord injuries. <br><br>METHODS:  Double-blind cross-over pilot study in a single Italian Spinal Unit. 12 patients  with spinal injuries were provided with mp3 players loaded with their favourite  music tuned to 440 Hz or 432 Hz. They were invited to listen to music for 30 minutes  each day, in the two periods of the study. &quot;Sleep Scale for Medical Study&quot; modified  for this study, and the &quot;Perceived Stress Scale&quot; were chosen. <br><br>RESULTS: The  participants were eight males (mean age =58.12, SD ±13.62), and four females (mean  age =56.25, SD ±14.17). Five were quadriplegics and seven were paraplegics. Listening times and wash-out periods were variable. The stress decreased, but not  significantly, with listening to music at both frequencies. After listening to music  at 432 Hz there was a significant improvement in sleep scores (+3.6, p=0.02), while  there was no improvement in sleep scores listening to music at 440 Hz (-1.50,  p=0.34). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that further studies on music  interventions at 432 Hz should be performed. It is advisable to increase sample  sizes and use a range of different research methods.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0392-4203",
doi="10.23750/abm.v91i12-S.10755",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.23750/abm.v91i12-S.10755"
}