@article{ref1,
title="Stigma experienced by transgender women of color in their dating and romantic  relationships: implications for gender-based violence prevention programs",
journal="Journal of interpersonal violence",
year="2020",
author="Gamarel, Kristi E. and Jadwin-Cakmak, Laura and King, Wesley M. and Lacombe-Duncan, Ashley and Trammell, Racquelle and Reyes, Lilianna A. and Burks, Cierra and Rivera, Bré and Arnold, Emily and Harper, Gary W.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="Although transgender women of color, specifically Black and Latina experience  gender-based violence in a variety of contexts, one of the most consistently  reported is from a dating or romantic partner. This qualitative study sought to  understand the manifestations and consequences of stigma experienced by transgender  women of color in their dating or romantic relationships. Between January and  February 2019, we purposively recruited 33 transgender women of color to participate  in five focus group discussions and complete a brief survey. We employed both  inductive and deductive approaches to coding and thematic analysis. We identified  different forms of anti-transgender interpersonal stigma experienced by transgender  women of color seeking romantic relationships and by those in romantic  relationships. For those dating and seeking relationships, anti-transgender  interpersonal stigma took the form of dehumanizing stereotypes and sexual  objectification. While these manifestations of anti-transgender interpersonal stigma  persisted for some within relationships, concealment behaviors from partners was the  predominant type of anti-transgender interpersonal stigma. Each of these forms of  anti-transgender interpersonal stigma had significant gender-based violence  consequences, specifically encountering physical violence, experiencing  psychological trauma, and engaging in survival strategies. In the current climate of  COVID-19, which is exacerbating risks of gender-based violence, there is an urgent  need to understand and address the nuanced manifestations of stigma in relationships  and their consequences on the lives of transgender women of color. Culturally  grounded gender-based violence prevention policies and programs with transgender  women should address these forms of stigma and build on community strengths. <br><br>FINDINGS also highlight the importance of future research and gender-based violence  prevention programming with cisgender men in/seeking partnerships with transgender  women of color.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0886-2605",
doi="10.1177/0886260520976186",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260520976186"
}