@article{ref1,
title="Collegiate athletes' concussion awareness, understanding, and -reporting behaviors  in different countries with varying concussion publicity",
journal="Journal of athletic training",
year="2020",
author="Beidler, Erica and Wallace, Jessica and Alghwiri, Alia A. and O'Connor, Siobhán",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="CONTEXT: Concussions are a global public health concern, and education on the  importance of self-reporting may not reach all athletes to the same degree around  the world. <br><br>OBJECTIVE: To determine if differences were present in the concussion  awareness, understanding, and -reporting behaviors of collegiate athletes' in 3  countries with varied degrees of concussion publicity. <br><br>DESIGN: Cross-sectional  survey. SETTING: Collegiate sports medicine clinics. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS:  Collegiate athletes in the United States (n = 964; high publicity), Ireland (n =  302; moderate publicity), and Jordan (n = 129; low publicity). The degree of  concussion publicity was categorized based on the extent of national public health  awareness initiatives, care guidelines, research publications, and mass media  coverage. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Participants completed a 10- to 15-minute survey  on concussion awareness, understanding, and -reporting behaviors. The main outcome  measures were concussion education (awareness; 21 options; select all sources of  concussion information), concussion knowledge (understanding; maximum score of 49),  and diagnosed/nondisclosed concussion history (reporting behaviors; self-report  yes/no items). <br><br>RESULTS: A higher proportion of Jordanian athletes reported never  having received concussion information previously (73.6%) than Irish (24.2%) or US  athletes (9.4%). Knowledge differed among countries (P <.0001, η2 =.28), with US  athletes displaying higher total knowledge scores (40.9 ± 4.5) than Jordanian (35.1  ± 5.6) and Irish (32.1 ± 3.5) athletes. A greater percentage of Irish and US  athletes reported a history of a diagnosed concussion (31.8% and 29.6%,  respectively) and history of concussion nondisclosure (25.2% and 15.5%,  respectively) than Jordanian athletes (2.3% and 0.0% for history of a diagnosed  concussion and history of concussion nondisclosure, respectively). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: In  the United States, where concussion publicity is high, formal legislation exists,  and sports medicine resources, concussion awareness and understanding were  increased. More culturally appropriate concussion initiatives are needed globally to  ensure that athletes around the world can identify concussive injuries and  understand the dangers of continued sport participation while concussed.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1062-6050",
doi="10.4085/1062-6050-0575.19",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-0575.19"
}